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aromatics007

 

Oxyorganic Compounds

Energetics,

 Kinetics

Equilibrium

*****

 

 

Aromatics:

"What are aromatics Aromatics, so called because of their distinctive perfumed smell, are substances derived from crude oil and, in small quantities, from coal.

 Aromatics are hydrocarbons, organic compounds that consist exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen – without which life would not be possible on Earth.

The main aromatics are benzene, toluene and the xylenes; they are used as starting materials for a wide range of consumer products."

http://www.aromaticsonline.net/



Benzene


Benzene is the simplest
aromatic compound, with a ring of six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless liquid occurring naturally in fossil raw materials such as crude oil and coal, produced during processing of petroleum liquids and through chemical reactions. It is one of the most important feedstocks for the chemical industry, used for the manufacture of a wide range of everyday items, and is not itself used directly by consumers.

http://www.aromaticsonline.net/


Toluene


Toluene, a colourless liquid, is an
aromatic hydrocarbon used extensively as starting material for the manufacture of industrial chemicals. Its major end-products are polyurethanes.

http://www.aromaticsonline.net/


Xylene


Xylene, a colourless liquid, is an
aromatic hydrocarbon of which there are several forms. Xylenes are used as solvents, as components of aviation fuel, and as raw materials for the manufacture of dyes, fibres and films. Of the different forms of xylenes, paraxylene is commercially the most important.

http://www.aromaticsonline.net/



stereochemistry, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms, electrophilic addition to alkenes, alkanes, alicyclic hydrocarbons, elimination mechanisms, alkynes, aromatic character and aromaticity, electrophilic aromatic substitution, nuclear magnetic resonance, spectroscopy, alcohol synthesis, alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, esters, amides, and acid chlorides, lipids, enolate anions, amines carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides and proteins.

http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psisearch.pl?term1=alcohols&limit=0&subject=All



cover mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, uclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

structural determination, aromatic compounds, electrophilic aromatic substitution

http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psisearch.pl?term1=alcohols&limit=0&subject=All



Index:

 The olfactory system :

 Section of nasal cavity :

 Role of smell :

 Receptor cells :

 Olfactory pharmacology :

 Olfactory connections :

 Theories of olfaction :

 Odorant binding proteins :

 Odorant receptors :

 Receptor cells :

 G-protein activation :

 Ion channels :

 Role of calcium

http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/olfact1.html



 

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